Category Archives: Recycling in the Garden

SGF 2010 – My Home Garden Display – The Living Room

After looking at the DIY ideas in the Home Office, the visitor can walk through the ‘slanted door’ into the living room. The living room is the place at home where one entertains our guests and often people display plants in nice containers in an attempt to beautify the space.

Note that the living room can be a little dark to grow many plants. Remember to bring your display plants to a brighter place such as just before a sunny/bright windowsill or balcony to recuperate after a week or two worth of display inside the living room!

One unique plant display item designed by my landscape architect, Ms Abby Ng, was a series of wall-mounted containers that seem to ‘grow’ out of the wall as they ‘fall’ from the top of the wall to the floor. Each container has a shiny, metallic finish.

We have another vertical garden system on display in the living room. This unique vertical garden system is called the ‘Grass Mirror’ which is a product carried by a local company, Imaginative Growth. It is designed by a group of French architects, H2O Architects. The Grass Mirror is not made out of glass mirrors but out of polished stainless steel. Each planter is stacked one on another to make a larger reflective living wall.

Another very interesting product from Imaginative Growth on display were a series of upside-down plant pots, called the Boskke Sky Planter. Designed by Patrick Morris, these pots house plants that see to defy gravity and make conversation pieces among our visitors who come to our Living Room. Unlike conventional pots that sit on the floor, these pots allow one to grow plants without sacrificing floor space! Get one of these pots and you can figure out how watering is done as well as how you can pot that plant inside each Boskke Sky Planter.

The next display idea is a terrarium coffee table. Not something you can easily fashion easily by yourself, you probably need to engage a competent carpenter to make this coffee table terrarium! An idea inspired by existing coffee table aquariums, this terrarium allows the plant-lover to grow his plants nicely in the living room. There are fluorescent light tubes installed inside this coffee table so that a range of low-light houseplants can be grown. The glass top can be lifted and give access to one to maintain and water the plants. There is a small gap left between the coffee table base and the glass top and that allows excess heat given off by the lights to escape (hot air rises!).

Here’s another DIY plant display idea that is probably much easier to construct but may be a little difficult to replicate due to the rather unique glass container. When powered up, the lamp in the center has colours that transit from one colour to another and we though the plants planted in this garden would dance like they were in the disco! The lamp stand and circuitry were taken from a store-bought lamp and installed onto a styrofoam base.

The same concept was extended to make a tabletop lamp terrarium. The terrarium this time was a closed one. The base of this set-up is a clear glass container which originally came with a lid. To fix a lamp on top of it, my team members fashioned a base that fits nicely on top of the glass container using circular sheets of styrofoam. The lamp and its necessary circuitry were taken from a store-bought lamp that came with a lampshade.

Because such a terrarium lamp is not always lit in a typical home situation, you may want to grow the plant inside a pot which can be put in and brought out of the glass container base easily. This allows you to give the plant its vital dose of sunlight so as to keep it healthy rather than allowing it to languish inside the darkness when the lamp is not turned on.

Green Living @ HortPark’s Lifestyle Corner (Part 2)

Here are more green ideas that my colleagues and I at HortPark would like to share with you… If you grow banana plants at home, why not harvest a few leaves to use as environmentally-friendly food receptacles instead of plastic ones? By doing this we can reduce the amount of waste generated whenever we have get-togethers or refreshments after company seminars or meetings. If there is a large crowd expected, one can consider buying stacks of banana leaves all cut to size from stalls in the wet market at Little India.

Kitchen scraps from plants such as vegetable clippings which are normally discarded can be used to make compost. Lately, vermi-composting is becoming a popular recycling method in Singapore. The product, Can-O-Worms (COW), is imported from Australia and marketed by Greenback Pte Ltd in Singapore. The COW kit is the black, stackable drum-like wormery which is small enough to fit into any household in Singapore (shown in the picture below).

The COW is a worm-driven recycling system designed for use inside the home. The scraps left over from preparing a meal are put into the COW where they are eaten by compost worms which live there. When done properly, the system is completely odourless and hygienic. As the scraps are eaten, they are converted to vermicast. Vermicast is an amazing product for stimulating healthy plant growth. The COW has a collector tank beneath where excess liquid is collected. This is vermicast solution and can be diluted 10 times and used as a very beneficial leaf spray. Vermicast solution will often cure fungal infestations and act as a deterrent to airborne pests and diseases.

Fruit skins can also be converted into environmentally-friendly detergent. The making of botanical detergents have also caught up in Singapore and one can make theirs using discarded fruit remains, brown sugar and water. The mixture is allowed to ferment and enzymes released during the process is said to be very efficient for cleaning chores at home. This can potentially reduce the use of synthetic detergents globally! Gardeners have also reported that such botanical enzymes are good to deter or eradicate small infestations of pests such as aphids on our garden plants!  Refer to this website for more information and following the steps on how you can make your own botanical enzyme detergent at home.

Green Living @ HortPark’s Lifestyle Corner (Part 1)

The month of November in Singapore coincides with the Clean and Green Singapore, which is an event that aims to inspire Singaporeans to care for and protect our living environment by adopting an environmentally-friendly lifestyle. In HortPark, my colleagues and I present a showcase at the Lifestyle Corner that shares some ideas and tips on how one do likewise at home.

To begin with something most of us are familiar with, what do a paper carton, a tin can and a plastic cup have in common? Well, they can all be used as plant pots! Common unwanted household items creatively transformed into useful gardening containers…

If you do a lot of take-aways in Singapore, don’t junk the plastic disposable food container! You can turn them into containers for germinating seeds, raising cuttings or even use them to make a self-watering container! All you need to do is to cut a hole in the lid that fits the plant pot you want to put in. Put in a cotton string that acts as a wick through the bottom of the pot and you are more or less done! Have a small reservoir of water at the base of the disposable food container that will supply your plant with water while you are away or busy with work. Water is drawn to the plant via capillary action!

This third idea is something I shared previously – the recycling of eggshells and eggtrays. Use eggshells as your planting pots and when you are ready to transplant your plant, all you need is to crush the eggshell and bury it into the planting hole! Plastic egg trays can be used as seed germinating trays too but paper ones are better! You can cut out each cell in a paper eggtray and plant the entire thing into the final growing location. Works something like the peat pot! Remember – eggshells add valuable calcium to the soil and you can grind eggshells into a fine powder and add that to your compost heap or soil which you grow your plants.

Easter Gardening Talk @ HortPark

Yesterday, my colleague, Jin Hong and I, collaborated to give a talk that tied in with the Easter theme at HortPark’s Leaf Room. The talk was part of the “Easter Eggstravaganza” event that was organised by HortPark. Despite the small turnout, participants who attended the session found the ideas that we shared with them on how to use eggs in gardening useful and interesting.

The “Easter Eggstravaganza”  banner outside HortPark.

Jin Hong shared with our audience on how one play a part to save the environment by using eggshells as containers that can be used to raise seedlings instead of using peat pellets and pots which derive their raw material from peat bog habitats. Eggshells can also be decorated like Easter eggs and used as a novel container for growing small plants. Containing mostly calcium, eggshells are a rich source of calcium that can be added to the compost heap and soil in the garden and potting mix for plants.

Jin Hong giving the talk on how to turn eggshells into decorated containers.

For my part in the talk, I shared with our audience that they can actually use bird’s nest ferns as ‘living’ containers for celebrating Easter in the tropics. Most of us use rattan or bamboo baskets to put our decorated Easter eggs. While researching on the topic. I realised that there are similar-looking but different species of bird’s nest ferns. Before the talk, I went around the nurseries to take a closer look at the different bird’s nest ferns on sale so as to be able to share my findings with the participants.

Jin Hong giving a guided tour of the Lifestyle Corner at HortPark.

After the talk, my colleague, Jin Hong, took over to bring the participants of the talk on a guided tour of the Lifestyle Corner. The time was made fruitful then because the skies outside poured heavily. Our audience also got to see the new feature at the Learning Corner, which now has a display of an array of decorated eggs as planting containers, as well as, various different uses for eggshells that we can think of, in the garden.

The Lifestyle Corner showcase featuring different uses for eggshells in the garden as well as the various species of bird’s nest ferns we can find on sale in local nurseries.

Besides just the uses of eggshells, visitors to the Lifestyle Corner in HortPark this month, will get to examine the various types of bird’s nest ferns that can be purchased from nurseries locally. Although they are all called “bird’s nest ferns”, these plants can be divided into cultivars coming from three main species, namely, Asplenium australascium, A. antiquum and A. nidus. The most common species we see perching on trees is in fact, A. australasicum, based on the appearance of the cross-section of its midrib.

Many thanks to Richmond Tan, one of my Green Culture Singapore forum moderators, who came to support the talk as well as to take the photographs shown on this blog post.

DIY Vegetable Gardening & Compost-making

In yesterday’s edition of the Sunday Times, a couple of pages were dedicated to a DIY projects feature and I found two articles in one of the pages that were put under a heading entitled ”DIY Gardening”. One was written on “how to make compost” that was contributed by my colleagues in HortPark while another that was submitted by Mr Rengarajan Premkumar from Far East Flora, focussed on “how to plant vegetables”.

The article by Mr Premkumar on planting vegetables recommended one to plant hybrid vegetable seeds because they are usually of a better quality and have improved growth characteristics than normal ones. The article mainly touched on seed raising only and I thought the reason behind it could be probably due to the lack of print space.

Mr Premkumar suggested that seedlings are best raised in a bright area to prevent them from burning under the heat. Brightness of light can be a difficult concept to grasp for novice. Duration of sunshine is another important aspect that was not mentioned. One may get unhealthy, elongated and etiolated growth instead of strong robust seedlings if light intensity and duration are not sufficient.

In general, edible plants must be grown under direct sunshine that last for at least 4 to 6 hours and under such conditions, they are big drinkers and must be watered at least twice a day. They must also be fed regularly to keep up with the plant’s nutrient needs. Depending on the type of fertiliser, they can be given in the diluted version and more often.

Large containers, such as those similar in size as laundry pails are preferred for growing larger growing edible plants, such as lady’s finger and cucumbers. A larger pot can hold more soil which in turn is able to hold more moisture and allow a more extensive root system to be developed. The lack of water at any one point can cause undue stress and cause plants to abort its flowers and fruits.

The composting method that was introduced in the second article by my colleagues working in HortPark was one that uses aerobic conditions. Aerobic composting is normally faster and produces less odour compared to anaerobic composting. Aerobic composting entails the use of a container with holes or gaps on the side that allow air to permeate into the compost heap.

Anaerobic composting, on the other hand, takes place inside a sealed container. Normally, a container is first charged with compostable waste to its brim and then shut tight to allow breakdown to take place. Fermentation then occurs and rather strong odour can be released from the container. The product that result is usually more acidic and wet to touch.

In contrast, aerobic composting usually results in a drier and more pH neutral product. But it requires ’turning’ (mixing) of the compost heap’s contents on a regular basis to introduce air into the mixture. The usage of a container with holes can be problematic because pests such as ants and other critters would be attracted and have access to the heap’s contents.

To prevent pests from being attracted to the compost heap, individuals who are  high-rise apartment dwllers prefer to use a closed container to do composting at home. Their approach is like a hybrid between the two mentioned above. 

My fellow members from the Green Culture Singapore discussion forum used large ceramic jars for this purpose. They covered the mouth of the jar with a lid that seals it shut. After they added fresh kitchen waste into the heap, they turned the heap to introduce air into it, which also helps to mix its contents evenly.

Because kitchen waste is generated and added to the container everyday, this turning procedure is done on a daily basis. Turning is necessary even after the container is filled to its brim to allow air to get into the heap. Depending on the ratio of green and brown waste in the heap and prevailing environmental conditions, usable compost can be ready for use in one month!

It is important to cut up the organic waste into fine bits before adding them to the heap! When cut up, they break down much easily and faster.

Another Two More Backdated GCS Feature Articles for October 2008…

Despite my busy schedule, I managed to put up two feature articles on the Green Culture Singapore (GCS) website for members of the discussion forum to read.

Many thanks to Richmond Tan, one of the moderators from the forum, who has contributed an article that depicted how he constructed a plant rack using readily available materials, some of which were salvaged from renovation waste! His plant rack is rather innovative and allows commercially available metal plant racks to hang comfortably against the parapet wall.

The second feature article that focussed on the growing of the sand ginger was written by myself. From my own growing experience, this ginger is perhaps the only smaller-growing edible ginger that is rewarding to grow in the high-rise apartment. I found this plant is able can grow quite well and does not dry up as easily as other space-saving edible gingers such as the common cooking ginger and Chinese key (Boesenbergia rotunda).

 Make Your Own Plant Rack!

Are you an apartment gardener at a loss as to how to elevate your plants so that they receive sufficient light for growth along your corridor? Read this feature article written by Richmond Tan to get some ideas to build your own plant rack using cheap and readily available materials!

URL – http://www.greenculturesg.com/articles/oct08/oct08_plantrack.pdf

Grow the Sand Ginger!

Botanically known as Kaempferia galanga, the sand ginger is a true ginger that belongs to the same plant family as the cooking ginger. Unlike the common cooking ginger (Zingiber officinale), the rhizomes of sand ginger is not something that most people would be familiar with. Both rhizomes and whole plants can sometimes be seen on sale in selected wet markets in Singapore, such as those in Little India and Geylang Serai. Read this feature article written by Wilson to learn more about this interesting ginger and how you can grow it at home!

URL – http://www.greenculturesg.com/articles/oct08/oct08_sandginger.pdf

Cindy’s Talk @ HortPark

The year 2008 is coming to an end. For this last month of the year, we first conducted Cindy’s talk on the growing of carnivorous plants to the public at HortPark. Despite the downpour in the afternoon, we still had a good number for the audience and in it, we have several young ones. Carnivorous plants never fail to amuse children as they are fascinated by the carnivory habit of these plants.

In today’s talk, Cindy introduced to her audience the various genera of plants that inhabit wetter growing environment and they include the famous Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula), North American pitcher plant (Sarracenia spp.), butterworts (Pinguicula spp.) and sundrews (Drosera spp.) that are commonly grown by hobbyists in Singapore.

A young member from the audience watching how Cindy propagates a sundew plant.

Because many of these plants originate from subtropical and temperate regions of the globe, many tend to have a habit to go into dormancy. Cindy shared with the audience what conditions could trigger a plant to go to sleep as well as how to care for such a plant.

Cindy is also especially good with kids and despite the fact that a gardening talk can be rather technical in nature, she was able to attract their short attention span. When she wielded her ‘surgical tools’ that she uses to cut a plant for propagation, the kids stormed to the front to catch a glimpse of how one perform the ‘operation’.

It was exceptionally amusing to watch how one of the young ones from the audience cringed when he was asked to hold a severed trap from a Venus fly trap!  Cindy then assured him that the trap is harmless and it would not open its jaws and bite. The young ones had a good time today as Cindy was generously handing cuttings of a sundew and the Venus flytrap which they can then bring home to grow.

My heartfelt thanks go to Delwin, one of our members from the Green Culture Singapore discussion forum, who brought along some plants to make them available to members of the public for them to bring home so as to get started on the carnivorous plant growing hobby. Cindy is grateful to Sylvester Lau, the manager from the Event Sales section of HortPark, who was on duty for the day where he had helped her to set up the Fruit Room where her talk was held.

Cindy and Delwin shared with the audience how one can grow bog carnivorous plants without fear of mosquito breeding.

Last but not least, a very useful tip which Cindy and Delwin shared during the talk was how to safely provide a reservior of water that is necessary for the growing of this group of moisture-loving carnivorous plants. She introduced to the audience a very cheap and potentially environmentally-friendly method which involves putting the pot of plant inside a plastic disposable food container with a hole cut into its lid that is able to fit the base of the pot nicely. Using this method, the volume of water is made inaccessible to mosquitoes which can then not be able to lay eggs in it. This method can help to avoid mosquito breeding which is a big public health issue in Singapore.

An environmentally-friendly way to prevent mosquito breeding!

In Singapore, the breeding of mosquitoes has always been a public health issue. We were fed with the messages from the local National Environment Agency telling us to get rid of receptables that are capable of collecting water that will serve as breeding grounds for mosquitoes.

In my community garden in Serangoon North, we have been using bamboo poles as stakes and materials to build our trellis. They are those poles that we use here locally to hang our laundry to air dry. However, using  such bamboo poles in the garden may provide an avenue for potential mosquito breeding, especially if they are positioned vertically.

The node of each bamboo stem consists of a plate that seals the cross-section of the pole. Depending on how much excess of the stem that has been left after it has been cut, what results is a cylindrical container, which acts like a glass, capable of holding water. I have personally witnessed bamboo stakes collecting a sizeable volume of water after a rainstorm.

To prevent this from happening, I thought of ways to seal the ends of every vertically-positioned bamboo pole used in my garden. At first, I used plasticine to cover up the open cross-section. A resident living in my neighourhood told me I could fill the ends to the brim with soil. Soon after, one of my fellow community gardenrs, Mrs Yap, thought of a better idea.

She covered the ends of the bamboo using recycled Yakult bottles which are normally discarded after one finishes the drink. The Yakult bottle that Mrs Yap used seems to be slimmer than the usual ones that I encountered before. It apparently was able to fit so nicely on the laundry bamboo pole as the diameter of the mouth of the bottle was just slightly larger than the diameter of a typical bamboo pole. It looked as if the bottle had been pre-designed for this purpose!

Thanks to Mrs Yap who has come up with this environmentally-friendly method that can help to prevent mosquito breeding in our community garden. In doing so, we are doing our part, although a very small one, to reduce and recycle waste. It also saves us some money as well as we no longer need to buy plasticine from the stationary store to seal up the bamboo poles anymore!

Make your own Plant Tags 2

I have always been devising new ways to make plant tags from cheaply available or recycled materials. The Singapore Botanic Gardens uses professional-looking plant tags that are made from metal. The text is engraved onto a metal plate that is bolted at an angle onto another which acts as a stem. These are quite expensive to make and something that not all community gardeners or home gardeners are willing to spend to have them.

For a long time, I have been thinking of how we can actually make such a plant tag that is tolerant of the elements without having to spend too much money. An idea struck me whilst I was taking a bus on my journey home from the NUS campus. There was nothing around me that triggered it, it just came into my head.

Below is a picture showing an example of a home-made plant tag which I have developed from the initial idea to look like those that we see in the Singapore Botanic Gardens – ideal for the plants in the Zingiberales-themed community garden.

Below are the steps that you can follow to make some similar plant tags yourself! There are only a few materials you need to get, which include a plastic corrugated board (available from stationary shops), a water-resistant marker and several disposable forks. Cutting tools like a pair of scissors and a sharp penknife would also be required.

First, cut away the two sidemost prongs of the fork. I had to do this because the side ones are a little too thick for inserting into the gaps between the corrugated board. You can opt to use metal forks where the prongs are all slimmer and more uniform in size. Metal forks will also last longer and not liable to break after prolonged exposure to direct sunshine. But of course, plastic disposable forks are cheaper to buy and use. You can even pick up and wash those that have been thrown away after a buffet meal. Do our part to save the environment!

Depending on the size of the plate that you require, cut one of an appropriate size from the larger plastic corrugated board by using a penknife. There are these lines that run along the corrugated board and make sure that they run vertically down along the length of your plant tag’s plate. Below is a completed tag and you can see how the lines on the corrugated board are aligned.

Use the water-resistant marker to write whatever text and words on it. You can try other methods also, like printing the words onto a sticker which can then be stuck onto the plate. You can even paint pictures on it! Let your creative juices flow! For mine, I have just put on the botanical and common names of the plant as well as the family the plant belongs to.

Why must the lines run vertical along the length of the corrugated board plate? The reason’s simple – a space is created between any two lines in the board and these are the spaces where the prongs of the fork can be inserted and secured! See the picture below:

Because the prongs of the fork are most of the time made to turn at an angle, the plate that is secured at the pronged end of the fork will be angled as well! To secure the fork onto the plate, one can try to apply some glue to stick the two pieces together.

When the tag is completed, it can be put into the ground. If you are using plastic disposable forks, it may be a good idea to make a hole in the ground by using a screwdriver and then slipping the plant tag’s stem into the hole. The stem made from rather fragile plastic is not able to penetrate hardened ground!

Make Your Own Plant Tags

Plastic plant tags can be cheap to buy, for example, in Singapore, we can grab a handful of nicely-made, ready-to-use, white plastic plant tags from Daiso (a Japanese store that sells everything for just SGD 2). But we can make similar plant tags for free most of the time from things that we usually discard or find around the home.

One may ask, “Why bother to make such cheap things?”

The reason that I do so because I can help to reduce waste by doing some recycling to help save the environment. My family have a habit of packing back our meals from the coffeshops and we are left with many disposable food containers which most other families would discard right away after finishing their meals.

I made it a point to everyone in the house to not throw these away because I will eventually find a use for them in the garden. I told my family members to wash them clean with soap and leave the containers at a corner of the house to dry.

An example of a disposable plastic food container (in this case, it is a cup with a lid). One can cut it down to thin strips which can be made into recycled plant tags.

To make your own plant recycled plant tags, all one needs to do is to cut the container into thin strips with a width that you find suitable, as shown in the picture above. Then, simply use a permanent marker to write down whatever information you want to put down on the tag, most commonly, the plant’s name or seed sowing date.

Words that are written on a transparent strip of plastic can be difficult to see and read. To overcome that, I pasted masking tape on the reverse side and because the tape’s white in colour, the background that resulted helps too make the words more visible.

The topmost plant tag is a one that is commercially available. The one in the center is a transparent plastic strip used to make the recycled plant tag. The one located at the bottom is the recycled plant tag with a white masking tape background which helped to make the words written on the tag more visible.

The recycled plant tag in use in my light garden.

Whatever I have mentioned are just the basics. Please let your creative juice flow to help you make more fanciful tags. For example, one can use coloured tape instead of the white masking tape that I have used in the example above.

The plastic strips can be cut to fit the width of the tape one is using so just one strip of sticky take will suffice. I used two strips of sticky tape in my flimpsy example above because I have cut too thick a width.

One can even punch a hole on one end where a string or twist tie can go through it so that the tag can be tied or hung from a plant!