Category Archives: High-rise Gardening

Gardening at Balcony and so on…

SGF 2010 – My Home Garden Display – The Living Room

After looking at the DIY ideas in the Home Office, the visitor can walk through the ‘slanted door’ into the living room. The living room is the place at home where one entertains our guests and often people display plants in nice containers in an attempt to beautify the space.

Note that the living room can be a little dark to grow many plants. Remember to bring your display plants to a brighter place such as just before a sunny/bright windowsill or balcony to recuperate after a week or two worth of display inside the living room!

One unique plant display item designed by my landscape architect, Ms Abby Ng, was a series of wall-mounted containers that seem to ‘grow’ out of the wall as they ‘fall’ from the top of the wall to the floor. Each container has a shiny, metallic finish.

We have another vertical garden system on display in the living room. This unique vertical garden system is called the ‘Grass Mirror’ which is a product carried by a local company, Imaginative Growth. It is designed by a group of French architects, H2O Architects. The Grass Mirror is not made out of glass mirrors but out of polished stainless steel. Each planter is stacked one on another to make a larger reflective living wall.

Another very interesting product from Imaginative Growth on display were a series of upside-down plant pots, called the Boskke Sky Planter. Designed by Patrick Morris, these pots house plants that see to defy gravity and make conversation pieces among our visitors who come to our Living Room. Unlike conventional pots that sit on the floor, these pots allow one to grow plants without sacrificing floor space! Get one of these pots and you can figure out how watering is done as well as how you can pot that plant inside each Boskke Sky Planter.

The next display idea is a terrarium coffee table. Not something you can easily fashion easily by yourself, you probably need to engage a competent carpenter to make this coffee table terrarium! An idea inspired by existing coffee table aquariums, this terrarium allows the plant-lover to grow his plants nicely in the living room. There are fluorescent light tubes installed inside this coffee table so that a range of low-light houseplants can be grown. The glass top can be lifted and give access to one to maintain and water the plants. There is a small gap left between the coffee table base and the glass top and that allows excess heat given off by the lights to escape (hot air rises!).

Here’s another DIY plant display idea that is probably much easier to construct but may be a little difficult to replicate due to the rather unique glass container. When powered up, the lamp in the center has colours that transit from one colour to another and we though the plants planted in this garden would dance like they were in the disco! The lamp stand and circuitry were taken from a store-bought lamp and installed onto a styrofoam base.

The same concept was extended to make a tabletop lamp terrarium. The terrarium this time was a closed one. The base of this set-up is a clear glass container which originally came with a lid. To fix a lamp on top of it, my team members fashioned a base that fits nicely on top of the glass container using circular sheets of styrofoam. The lamp and its necessary circuitry were taken from a store-bought lamp that came with a lampshade.

Because such a terrarium lamp is not always lit in a typical home situation, you may want to grow the plant inside a pot which can be put in and brought out of the glass container base easily. This allows you to give the plant its vital dose of sunlight so as to keep it healthy rather than allowing it to languish inside the darkness when the lamp is not turned on.

FarmVille Singapore (Gardening on RazorTV)

A group of Green Culture Singapore forum members, namely, Casey, Ting Ting and myself were featured on RazorTV. RazorTV is an online television service by Straits Times that broadcasts live from Singapore Press Holding’s (SPH) Multimedia Centre. This series of video clips focussed on the growing of edibles and is part of the publicity effort for the Singapore Garden Festival 2010. One of my team members from Hort Outreach, Jin Hong, was also in the video where she showed how one can prepare some dishes using seed sprouts.

Grow a real mini-farm! (FarmVille Singapore Pt 1)

If you’re hooked on Facebook’s FarmVille, why not bring turn that fantasy into a reality by planting your own vegetables and crops?

http://www.razor.tv/site/servlet/segment/main/94/46766.html

Tasty edible leaves (FarmVille Singapore Pt 2)

Eng Ting Ting has no need for a supermarket or market. Many of the ingredients she needs for her cooking grow right in her own backyard!

http://www.razor.tv/site/servlet/segment/main/94/46768.html

Mini kitchen farm (FarmVille Singapore Pt 3)

If you think growing vegies from home might be too ambitious, why not start off with fuss-free organic seed sprouts for salads.

http://www.razor.tv/site/servlet/segment/main/94/46770.html

Grow your own salad! (FarmVille Singapore Pt 4)

Learn how to create your own salads with easy-to-grow edible seed sprouts!

http://www.razor.tv/site/servlet/segment/main/94/46774.html

HDB mint garden (FarmVille Singapore Pt 5)

Casey Toh is hooked on growing her own edible plants, which she uses for herbal remedies and cooking. Find out why she especially loves growing varieties of mint leaves.

http://www.razor.tv/site/servlet/segment/main/94/46772.html

Basil Troubles

Basil is probably the most common Western culinary herbs grown by most gardeners at home. Several cultivars of basil are grown by Singaporeans at home. Sweet basil appears to be quite common for those who cook Western food and are also fans of pesto. Those of us who are into Thai and Vietnamese cuisines would grow the Thai basil. Our Hindu friends would grow a pot of the green or purple sacred basil.

One of the most common pest problems faced by gardeners when growing basil is the infestation of the young and emerging new leaves at the growing point by sucking insects such as aphids or mealy bugs. The symptom of a prevailing infestation is quite obvious – the affected new leaves become crumpled and distorted. In some of the more severe cases that I have across, leaves can fuse into a tight mass.

Aphids and mealy bugs that cause this disfiguring symptom can only be found on the underside of the affected leaves. These small sucking insects hide amongst the folds formed in the distorted leaves and this makes the spraying of infested plants with contact pesticides rather ineffective in the eradication of these pests as it is difficult to ensure that the delivery of the chemical to all surfaces of the plant. Note that affected leaves do not recover even when the pests have been eradicated.

What I often resort to is to prune away all affected parts of the plant – cut away affected growth points down to the next healthy and uninfested node. It is essential to note that the node is still green and capable of producing new growth. Older basil plants tend to become woody near the bottom portion of the plant. Cutting such plants down to the woodier portion can prove to be rather risky as new growth may not regenerate as a result.

By pruning away infested parts of a basil plant, we are in fact reducing the number of pests that need to be eradicated. After cutting away affected portions of a plant, you may want to apply a contact pesticide to kill any remaining sucking pests and over the next few days, monitor the population of these pests. There may be a need to spray plants again after a few days to ensure the progeny of these pests have all been wiped out. Because basil is grown for food uses, I often opt to use either neem oil or white summer oil, which are more environmentally-friendly and non-toxic compared to conventional synthetic pesticides.

The fragrant Tillandsia duratii

Tillandsia duratii is one of my favourite airplant species. This species is named after an Italian named Durat who was the first person to grow this airplant species in Europe.

This plant has a growth form that is quite unlike many other Tillandsia species. It is a caudescent epiphyte that develops a distinctive stem and has long silvery leaves that bend downwards to the base of the plant. One will notice that the older leaves, as they dry up, form ringlets that coil around a branch or any support that they come in contact with. This is how Tillandsia duratii supports itself in its native growing habitat. From afar, this particular Tillandsia species looks as if it was a bird resting on a tree branch!

Tillandsia duratii is a xeric species that is native to drier parts of Bolivia, eastern Paraguay and northern Argentina and grows at elevations of 200 to 3500 m. It is a species that thrives in Singapore’s climate and particularly suitable for growing in Singapore’s  highrise apartment balconies where the environment can be rather windy and dry.

I grow several Tillandsia duratii plants on my balcony where they receive bright reflected light for at least half a day for half a year and direct sunshine in another half, as the sun shifts its path every half a year here in Singapore. Regardless of the intensity of sunshine, this species seems to thrive. At 14 storeys up in the apartment block, their growing environment is relatively windy and dries the plant out promptly. I water this plant by spraying water on it every other day. To date, it hasn’t succumb to rot like some other species do. 

I would say that this is one hardly and fuss-free Tillandsia species to grow in Singapore. Just a word of warning is to not grow Tillandsia duratii in an area with high traffic or very strong winds. As this plant grows on a long stem, one can accidentally break the plant into two quite easily if he/she is not observant. I reckon a gust of very strong wind can do similar damage if a plant is not well secured to its support.

This Tillandsia species is reported to be able to grow up to 40 cm in diameter and a meter in height when conditions are conducive. Do you know that it also produces flowers that are fragrant?

Tillandsia duratii is one of the few species of airplants that produces flowers that emit a pleasant fragrance. Each flower has three petals that are lilac in colour. Flowers are produced on a long inflorescence that takes months to develop. An inflorescence in a well grown, healthy plant can reach as long as 1 m in length!

The Great Tilly Gathering @ HortPark

Last Sunday, HortPark’s Fruit Room was packed to the brim with gardening enthusiasts who came to listen to Paul T. Isley III’s talk on Tillandsia, a group of plants commonly called ‘airplants’. Paul is President of Rainforest Flora which is the oldest Tillandsia nursery in the USA. We are privileged to have Paul here  in Singapore to give a talk and I must thank my members of the Green Culture Singapore discussion forum who informed me of his visit.

This is his maiden visit to Singapore and many of us felt ‘we have finally met up with the man’. The talk can be likened to be a gathering of sorts as many of the participants of the talk are well-known Tillandsia enthusiasts in Singapore, as I recognised a large handful of them. In his talk, Paul treated his audience to a colourful slideshow of many Rainforest Flora’s Tillandsia hybrids and shared with us the parentage of each one of them as well as their interesting background information.

 

Paul also revealed the news of his latest publication, Tillandsia II, which is a long-awaited and updated sequel to the book that many Tillandsia enthusiasts  grew up with. I remember seeing Paul’s earlier book, Tillandsia I, back in 1990 which was when airplants made their first appearance in Singapore. Participants of the talk also took this opportunity to bring their volume of Tillandsia I for his autograph.

The ‘Tomorrow Leaf Plant’

Angelica keiskei was once a popular medicinal herb in Singapore. From afar, I think it looks like a enlarged version of the flat leaf parsley plant (Petroselinum neapolitanum). In fact, do not be surprised to know that both plants are members of the Apiaceae (Umbelliferae) family. Common vegetables such as the carrot, celery and dill are also members of this family.

This medicinal herb is often sold singly in pots. It grows as a rosetted plant with a height of about 20 to 30 cm tall. Its large, much divided leaves confers a rather lush look to the entire plant. From my observation, Angelica keiskei seems to prefer to grow in a semi-shaded and sheltered location in Singapore’s hot and humid tropical climate. It doesn’t seem to be able to take our heavy, torrential rains that come down from the skies during certain times of the year here.

Outdoors, try growing Angelica keiskei in a shaded spot that is kept moist at all times. When exposed to excessive direct sunshine, this plant will wilt and turn into a sickly shade of yellow. It needs to be kept moist at all times and hence never allow the soil to dry out. Grow it in moist, fertile soil that is also free-draining.

Angelica keiskei makes a good and attractive houseplant for highrise gardeners. It does well if placed on a bright windowsill that receives filtered or reflected sunshine for at least 4 hours daily. Try to protect it from excessive wind that can dry the plant out.

Recently, I saw some specimens that are in flower on sale in a local nursery for the first time. The much branched flower spike was about 1 m tall and held numerous clusters of small white flowers. Botanically, this particular arrangement of flowers is called an umbel. Some of the flowers have even started to turn into fruits!

Native to East Asia to Japan, Angelica keiskei is known via its Japanese name ‘Ashitaba’. Locally in Singapore, people here call it ‘明日叶’ (ming ri ye) which translates into ”Tomorrow Leaf’, which refers to the ability to regenerate a new leaf soon after one has been harvested. Don’t expect it to put forth a new leaf as soon as the day after! It is not exactly a very fast grower, at least here in Singapore! If you are a fan of this plant, you probably have to have a dozen of pots to satisfy your needs!

The leaves are consumed like a vegetable either in the raw form or cooked by lightly blanching it. When cut, the aerial parts of this plant exude a yellow sap which is found to be an abundant source of furocoumarins and a range of polyphenols. These are believed to possess health-enhancing and anti-cancer properties. However, it is reported that the consumption of Angelica keiskei can lead to skin sensitivity to sunlight and may cause dermatitis in some individuals. Like many members of the Apiaceae family, Angelica keiskei also features a tap root underground that is short and thick. It is also edible and is served either in the cooked or pickled form.

My first contribution to SUTRA magazine

My first contribution in the capacity of a staff member of the Singapore National Parks Board (NParks) to the SUTRA magazine was published in its May 09 issue. I managed to purchase a copy of the Malay lifestyle magazine from the newstand recently after I saw an advertisement that appeared on the Straits Times broadsheet which carried a small thumbnail depicting a photographic shot done at the familiar Lifestyle Corner at HortPark.

 The feature article entitled “Taman Mekar dalam flat” which translates directly to “Blooming Garden inside an apartment flat” is a feature story that shared useful tips and knowledge which one can follow so as to be able to create a beautiful and successful garden inside a high-rise apartment.

The excellent photographs that can be found in the article that spanned a total of four pages were all taken in HortPark’s Lifestyle Corner. They illustrated how plants can actually be used to decorate various parts of a modern apartment flat. I hope the reader will be inspired by the choice of plants and innovative ideas that originated from the Hort Outreach team that can be incorporated into the design and layout of the dining room, bedroom, bathroom and kitchen in one’s home.

In order to have a lasting and visually appealling plant display at home, one has to consider the availability of natural sunlight in a selected area inside one’s home. Depending on their light requirements, plants will thrive and grow if they are situated in a location that receives either direct or filtered sunshine for at least 6 hours daily. One can only find such areas in the home either at the balcony or windowsill that faces East or West.

When a plant is displayed in a dim area deep inside one’s home, it is recommended to bring it to a brighter location for it to recuperate. A plant should be allowed to ‘see the light’ for at least 2 weeks after being placed in a dark environment for at most a month. Note that not all plants are forgiving when they are placed in a non-conducive environment as some sensitive ones will shed all their leaves or quickly exhibit etiolated growth that may not be that visually appealling.

The fimbriated Bird’s Nest Fern

Bird’s nest ferns, in general, are characterised via large, long and simple fronds that are arranged in a rosette manner around the center of the plant. Locally, various Asplenium species and their cultivars make up what we call ‘bird’s nest ferns’ and they can be told apart via various morphological details of their leaves. 

One rather common but curious-looking cultivar that is often imported, sold and grown as a houseplant is the bird’s nest fern with leaf edges that are cut into thin and wavy sections. Labelled as Asplenium nidus ‘Fimbriatum’, this cultivar is a much slower-growing bird’s nest fern compared to the ones with entire leaf margins. The fronds of this cultivar appear to be rather stiff and the upper portions do not arch downwards.

One morphological feature of Asplenium nidus is that the mid-rib of its leaves are keeled on the underside. What this means is that if one is to feel run our thumb and index finger between the mid-rib in the leaves of Asplenium nidus, one will be able to find that it protrudes more distinctly from the upperside of the leaves .

However, in the case of this cultivar ‘Fimbriatum’, I noticed its mid-rib protrudes more distinctly from the underside of its leaves and this is contrary to what is to be expected from Asplenium nidus, as shown in the picture aboveThere is another species of Asplenium, A. australasicum, where its mid-ribs protrude from the underside of its leaves. From this observation, I reckoned, the cultivar ‘Fimbriatum’ is more like one of A. australasicum than A. nidus.

The plant I have now is in its juvenile stage and the features of how its spore sacs are arranged on its leaves can only be seen when the plant has grown larger. In A. nidus, note that the length of its sori are much shorter compared to those seen in A. australasicum. The former’s sori often run up to at most half or slightly more across the length between the mid-rib and the leaf’s edge whereas the latter’s are more extensive where the sori can cover more than the length between the mid-rib and the leaf’s edge.

Vertical Gardening Feature in Straits Times Life!

There was an extensive feature on vertical gardening in Singapore in the Straits Times Life! section yesterday. Vertical gardening is something that most Singaporeans can easily perceive since decades ago, our dwellings have gone skywards to make the best use of limited land in our island state.

Vertical gardening is the growing of plants on the vertical surfaces, be it on the wall of a home or something that is larger like the facade of a building. It is more than just aesthetics. Vertical greenery can help to cool buildings, thereby the reducing the need and cost of expensive air-conditioning. Plants also help to soften the hard and cold look of concrete that is used to construct our ‘concrete jungle’ in highly urbanised Singapore.

On the leftmost corner of the Straits Times main section, one of my vertical gardens with airplants on it was featured.

 The coverage on vertical gardening featured both hobbyist and commercial set-ups. For those of us who have followed the Community in Bloom Awards last year, we would have guessed that Mr Albert Quek’s set-up is one that would naturally appear in the feature story in the hobbyist vertical gardens portion. Indeed, Albert’s vertical garden was featured, together with two smaller photographs that showed how one can do something similar using bamboo sticks.

The cover page of Straits Times Life! section showing the feature story of the day.

I am honoured to be the next hobbyist who was featured in the story. My vertical gardens were inspired by Andrew Tan’s set-up which I first got to see it last December when I had the privilege of an invitation to visit his home. Andrew used an aluminium window grille in this vertical garden. For me, I recruited my Dad to help me in the construction of my vertical garden where he used laundry bamboo poles to make a grid that served the same purpose as the metal one used by Andrew.

I am honoured to have my two vertical gardens featured in the story. The larger vertical garden which had many airplants (Tillandsia spp.) perched on pieces of driftwood secured to the bamboo frame was shown on the first page of the main section of the Straits Times! I have noticed quite a lot of vertical gardens are rather ‘flat’ in their design and I thought I should just secure pieces of contorted driftwood onto the rather flat bamboo frame so as to achieve a naturalistic look where the branches can ‘grow outwards’ from the wall. I would then perch airplants on some of these branches.

The first page of the story and the vertical garden that was featured was mine which is a very simple set-up that can be done by securing decorative containers into a bamboo frame.

I also did a smaller version using the same framework but I secured small decorative containers onto the frame. The containers are very cheap and are bonded to the framework using cable ties. I would then slot in various plants grown in pots into these containers. Whenever the plants decline, I can easily take them out and swop with new ones. In my current set-up, I used peperomias which is a group of plants that I like every much due to their differing leaf shapes, texture and colour as well as various varying growth habits. 

The second page of the story that showed Veera’s set-up as well as the modular system that is available for purchase from Far East Flora. The vertical garden at Changi Airport’s Terminal 3 was also featured.

For those of us who do not want to spend too much time making his/her own vertical garden, one can go buy a modular system called ‘Minigarden’ that is available from Far East Flora. Each module has three pockets and one can easily slot in a plant into each pocket. Each module can then be stacked up to a desired height.

For larger set-ups, it is best to consult a commercial company to help with the design and implementation. For this, Greenology’s wholly recycable ‘Green Envelope System’ was featured. It was designed by Veera, the boss of the company and comes with an irrigation system which is essential to provide water for a large set-up.

A NEW era of gardening has started for me…

Last November marked an important juncture in my gardening hobby. That was the time where I shifted my place of residence from Serangoon North to Hougang. Over at my former house, there were no suitable areas for gardening because I do not have an area at home that receives sunshine all year round.

The only place I could grow my plants at my previous residence was the landing in the staircase that leads to my apartment!

All my flat’s windows are facing either North or South and sunshine streams into the house in either direction for about 5 months a year when the sun shifts its path every half-yearly. Because all the window panes were frosted for frosted for privacy (the neighbouring block was situated close by) and sunshine that hits the glass becomes dispersed.

For those of you who have visited my old house at Serangoon North, most would have noticed that I actually had a balcony in the house. It was a huge one but strangely, the architect designed it to be located inside the lift lobby area which was dark and therefore, hardly conducive for growing plants.

The only space up in my apartment where I can do some gardening was at a landing in the staircase that leads up to my unit.  I had to raise my plants just below the level of the parapet so that they are able to ‘see the light’. The growing area faced south and the plants grown there could only receive direct sunshine from October to February annually. 

As you can see, my plants are not exactly healthy-looking. Do not laugh when you see the cactus situated in the center of the above photograph. It is a well-known sun-loving plant that was given to me by my teacher in Primary School. The plant exhibited etiolation for half a year when there is no sunshine but resumes with healthier growth when the sun returns!

That growing area was also quite dry and windy. The relatively shade-tolerant plants like various prayer plants (Calathea and Maranta) did not grow well as a result and rolled up their leaves which is evident from the picture shown above. The only plant that seem to thrive is the Orchidantha which is a forest floor plant given to me by a gardening mentor. It is largely a foliage plant with lush green leaves. Its flowers are not easily spotted as they are brown and produced near the soil surface.

The original balcony design in the new house.

Things only started to change come last October. My parents decided that we should shift for a change of living environment. I seized the chance to go look for a new house with my parents with areas that are conducive for gardening. We finally settled on a maisonette apartment in Hougang and I finally got a long-awaited balcony where I can grow my plants!

The second picture above shows the balcony in its original state when we first moved in. The design was a little dated and my family decided to change the tiles to those that were more earthly-looking. The floor was later retiled with non-slip slabs too. The original balcony grille was about to break apart and was changed to a new one made from wrought iron with grille rods which were fashioned to curve outwards so that I can safely grow plants in hanging pots without having to worry that they fall and hit someone.

I did not get a perfect package with the new balcony because it faces North and sunshine only comes into the balcony space during the April to August period. Even thought the balcony ceiling is high and supposedly there should be more light, the lack of direct sunshine limited the range of plants I could grow. Cacti and succulents, flowering shrubs and edible plants such as herbs and vegetables are hence out of the list. 

My unit is located on the 14th storey and winds can get quite strong and frequent during certain times of the year. My initial try with foliage begonias and ferns failed miserably because their leaves got torn by the wind or became dessicated when I positioned them along the ledge of the parapet.

I also tried growing a couple of species of spiral gingers (Costus spp.) which I thought could grow in shady areas but not all of them were happy with the prevailing growing conditions. Those that did not fare well were found to be easily infested with aphids and thrips. I did not encounter such pests when I grew these gingers outdoors in my community garden!

At present, the search for ideal plant candidates is still on. I experimented with hoyas and found that those species with thick waxy leaves are able to tolerate the windy conditions. Because they are vines, I had to ensure that they do not climb all over the balcony and bring about an invasion. What was very much welcome was the fragrance that hoya flowers emit at night, which fills the entire balcony space.

The renovated balcony with plants added.

I still keep some spiral gingers which performed well in the balcony. Costus woodsonii is the most rewarding species to grow because it reliably produces its attractive red cones. Costus erythrophyllus seem to do quite well but was taken out because its leaves were particularly easily damaged when the plant was situated in a high traffic area. The rather petite lemon ginger, Monocostus uniflorus, showed itself to be a good hanging basket candidate which bears large single, yellow-coloured blooms.

Airplants (Tillandsia spp.) were observed to grow quite well too. I did not have to soak them in water like I did in the past and water was provided only via a fine water spray that was applied daily. They also get their source of water whenever the rain comes in during a storm. So far, none of them rotted on me, probably due to better air circulation afforded by the large open space.

I also experimented with growing various species of prayer plants. The larger ones like the wheat calathea (Pleiostachya pruinosa) and rattlesnake calathea (Calathea crotalifera) seem to be able to take the windy conditions quite well. The smaller ones like C. roseopicta need to be grown almost on floor level so that they do not catch the wind that will cause them to dry up.

I have to admit that I am still in the midst of learning about the environmental conditions in my new balcony and gardening in that space is something that challenges my knowledge and experience.