Monthly Archives: September 2009

Okra – Little Lucy

I was given seeds of a red lady’s finger variety called ‘Little Lucy’ some months ago. It is a cultivar that has not been grown Singapore before, although, from some sources on the internet, ‘Little Lucy’ has been reported to have been extensively trialed almost everywhere in the United States. Since I have successfully grown it, I thought it may be a good idea to share about my growing experience on this blog.

‘Little Lucy’ is dwarf cultivar with a very compact growth habit. It is suitable for growing in containers although I started mine in large planter bags of well-rotted compost which were subsequently transplanted into the growing beds in HortPark’s Kampong Daze. I agree with some of the write-ups posted on the internet about this cultivar where they have recommended ‘Little Lucy’ as a candidate for growing in the front of the veggie garden or mixed border.

My plants started to produce their first flowers and fruits when they were about 30 cm tall that took about 1 and a half months from the date of seed sowing. This cultivar features closely-spaced leaves and unlike many other lady’s finger varieties I have come across, the leaves of ‘Little Lucy’ are quite large compared to the plant’s actual stature. They are deeply lobed and have red splashes that overflowed to both sides from the network of veins.

The flowers of ‘Little Lucy’ are similar to those produced by other lady’s finger varieties – large, yellowish, hibiscus-like flowers with a central dark eye. The fruits are dark red when they first form and that is the best time to pick them for eating before they fade to a lighter colour where they would have turned much more fibrous and less palatable.

Unfortunately, this cultivar is a F1 hybrid which means that seeds produced by existing plants will not breed true if we are to plant them later! To grow ‘Little Lucy’ again, we need to purchase new seeds!

Root Awakening (5 Sep 09)

The first instalment of the Root Awakening column was published last Saturday on 5 Sep 09 on Straits Times Life! As usual, answers to three gardening questions were given answers.

The first question dealt with mealy bugs on chilli plants and how one can use white summer oil or neem oil to eradicate them. White summer oil is a contact pesticide derived from petroleum oil that works only on small sucking insects such as mealy bugs, aphids and spider mites by suffocating them. It has no effect on chewing insects such as grasshoppers and caterpillars.

Neem oil, on the other hand, is a botanical pesticide that is obtained from the kernels of neem tree seeds. When sprayed onto small sucking pests, it kills them by suffocation. Unlike white summer oil, neem oil also deters chewing insects from damaging plants. According to some reports, neem oil is also absorbed into the plant and may work like a systemic pesticide.

Remember to spray at the right time in a day. Beneficial insects are most active during the day. The best time to spray pesticides is very early in the morning (around 7 am), so the spray can dry before the beneficial insects become active. Also a good time is the late afternoon or evening.

White summer oil (tradename – Acalineum) and neem oil or its extract (active ingredient – azadiractin) can be purchased from Ang Mo Kio Floral & Landscape Pte Ltd and HortMart.

The second question asked how one can treat leaf spot disease on yam plants. Leaf spot disease can be caused either by pathogenic bacteria or fungus but it may be difficult to distinguish the two.

Leaf spots caused by bacteria are often initially light green and look “water-soaked”. These leaf spots will eventually turn brown or black and may have definite margins. Fungal leaf spots appear as brown or black spots that are randomly scattered across the leaf. They may or may not have the appearance of concentric rings and the margins of the spot may be a different color than the center of the spot.

For non-chemical control, cut away all affected leaves and discard diseased material in the garbage bin and not into the compost heap. Give plants enough sunshine and air circulation to grow and avoid soil splashes on the leaves. Use sterilized cutting tools to prune your plants the next time. The use of a fungicide warranted only when the disease is ascertained to be caused by pathogenic fungi. Because some fungicides can damage plant foliage – test on a small area before treating the whole plant.

The last question was about germination failure of wheat grass seeds. One of the reasons that could have caused the problem is infected compost mix that was used to sprout them. The organic compost used may not be sterile and pathogenic organisms such as bacteria and fungi may have attacked your wheat seeds and led to the germination failure. One may  want to sterilize small amounts of compost by heating a tray of the material in a baking or microwave oven.
Another reason for the seed germination failure could be due to excessive moisture in the compost. Compost can retain too much water in itself that makes it far too wet for wheat seeds to sprout. Consider mixing equal parts of washed fine sand and compost to help improve drainage and aeration.

Brugmansias in HortPark

Keneric Ng, my colleague in NParks recently disseminated a message that announced the flowering of a Brugmansia versicolor cultivar to all staff in the organisation. Commonly known as the Angel’s Trumpet, the plant we had is grown in a large pot and was moved to the patio of Lifestyle Corner in HortPark for all to appreciate when it flowered. Below is the account which he shared with all of us…

Started out as a tiny cutting, the plant was cared for and grown at Pasir Panjang Nursery since 11 Feb 2009. Exactly 200 days later, it has done what it does best … ‘trumpetize’!

Easily propagated by stem-cuttings, Brugmansia does best in a sheltered, part-shade area and it is a famous heavy feeder. Be generous with fertilizer application, combined with consistent watering and one shall be rewarded with loads of trumpets. There are several cultivars with different coloured flowers e.g. pink, that gradually deepened over time.

There are 20 blooms now and more are coming up! For this cultivar, new trumpets are white, gradually deepening into a sweet mellow peach. It is however a pity that each flower only lasts about 2 days locally. By the end of the second day, the trumpet starts to wilt in the heat of the tropics.

Other than the current display at Lifestyle Corner, different cultivars of the plant are also planted at various locations of HortPark i.e. Water Garden, Home Garden, Floral Walk, Butterfly Garden and Golden Garden. Of which, do keep an eye on those growing at Water Garden…as they are likely to be the next to bloom. To see a yellow flower variegated leaf cultivar, do check out the Gardens-By-The-Bay Prototype Glass House.

So, you do know the best venue to be at if you want to get trumpetized! Enjoy and help us blow the trumpet if you like them!

The pumpkin-like Surinam Cherry

I am particularly intrigued by the fruits borne by Eugenia uniflora which appear like red little pumpkins when they are ripe. Commonly known as the Surinam cherry, Brazilian cherry or Cayenne cherry, it is a member of the Myrtaceae family. Common tropical fruits like the guava are also members of this family.

Eugenia uniflora is native to tropical America and grows as a large shrub or small tree with a beautiful conical canopy. It is a slow grower and can attain a height of about 8 m. Its leaves are roughly shaped like diamond and mature ones are glossy green. This shrub becomes rather ornamental whenever there is new growth as the new leaves put forth are reddish copper in colour. In an edible garden, several Surinam cherry plants can be grown as a hedge.

The flowers of Eugenia uniflora can sometimes appear singly or in clusters of four. Because of instances that flowers may appear singly, this species probably earned its species name, uniflora this way, which has the meaning of ‘single flower’. The flowers are small and white in colour and reported to be fragrant.

After the flowers fade, ribbed fruits with an appearance that is akin to Chinese pumpkins appear. They are green at first and as they ripen, they take on a reddish hue. When fully ripe, they are dark red in colour and fall into the hand at the lightest touch. Internet sources state that there is another cultivar with fruits that are blackish red in colour. Mature fruits are small and measure up to only 2 cm in diameter.

The taste of the pulp ranges from sweet to sour, depending on the cultivar and level of ripeness. Fully ripe fruits are not resinous to taste and can be quite sweet when consumed out of hand. The unripe ones which appear green to orange are tart and sour. Fruits are rich in Vitamin C and can be used as a base for jams and jellies and flavour various confections. Brazilians ferment the juice into vinegar or wine, and sometimes prepare a distilled liquor.

After enjoying the pulp, one can either find one fairly large, round seed or two or three smaller seeds each with a flattened side inside. Note that the seeds are extremely resinous and should not be eaten. Diarrhoea has occurred in dogs that have been fed the whole fruits by children.

In HortPark’s Kampong Daze, one would be able to find a Eugenia uniflora plant there. I planted it there earlier this year and the location where it is grown is a little waterlogged. To date, surprisingly, it not only survived, it even flowered and fruited! According to the webpage based on the book entitled ‘Fruits of warm climates’ by Julia F. Morton, it was stated that Eugenia uniflora can grow in a range of soils and can withstand waterlogging for a time! It is intolerant of salt.

Plants are propagated from seeds and should be grown under full sun. Soil should be kept moist at all times. Note that a strong, spicy smell will be given off when the plant is being pruned and that can irritate the respiratory passages of sensitive persons. Interestingly, the leaves of Eugenia uniflora have been spread over the floors of Brazilian homes because when they are walked upon, they release their pungent oil which can help to repels flies! They also possess medicinal properties!

For more information, do refer to the write-up on Eugenia uniflora in ‘Fruits of warm climates’ by Julia F. Morton via this URL – http://www.hort.purdue.edu/newcrop/morton/surinam_cherry.html.

Xuan Hong’s Talk on Dendrobiums

A talk entitled “Dendrobiums – Get the Basics Right!” was conducted in English on 29 Aug 09 at the Bukit Merah Public Library. This was part of the talk series under the ‘Community in Bloom’ (CIB) Programme in collaboration with Green Culture Singapore, National Parks Board (NParks) and the National Library Board (NLB).

About 30 members of the public gathered to listen to Mr Lim Xuan Hong, an active member of Green Culture Singapore (GCS), share his experience of growing this popular genus of orchids in high-rise apartments. Tips and information on successful planting of these orchids were generously shared with the audience. Dendrobium hybrids are the most commonly seen orchids in Singapore and are most appreciated by plant growers. Dendrobiums mainly thrive in the tropics and most make suitable houseplants for high-rise growers. While commercial Dendrobium hybrids are striking and beautiful, other Dendrobium species are also unique and rewarding to grow.

The audience went away satisfied with the interesting facts picked up and also enjoyed the mingling and interaction at the Q&A session. Several GCS members also turned up to support Xuan Hong and took the opportunity to ask him pressing question on orchid growing and to catch up as well.