Monthly Archives: August 2009

The not-so-common Water Celery

Oenanthe javanica is an uncommon leafy vegetable. Available occasionally in the wet market in Geylang Serai, it is called ‘daun selom’ by the Malays and known via a variety of common names in English such as water dropwort, water celery and water parsley.

Native to this part of the world, Oenanthe javanica is a marginal water plant that grows naturally in freshwater marshes and, along ditches and streams. A member of the celery family, Apiaceae, Oenanthe javanica features hollow stems which help it to float on water. Its pinnate to tripinnate foliage is celery-like and emits an odour similar to that of carrot tops.

The plant spreads via creeping stolons that produces long, threadlike rootlet at the nodes. Dainty, fragrant, white flowers are produced in compound umbels. The genus name, Oenanthe, is derived from the Greek words oinos and anthos, which mean ‘wine’ and ‘flower’ respectively, with reference to the wine-like scent of the flowers. I tried to smell the flowers of this species up-close but could not detect any obvious odour.

The ornamental version of this plant can be on sale in selected plant nurseries in Singapore. Known via the cultivar name ‘Flamingo’, it features variegated leaves with green, pink and cream.

The young shoots and leaves of Oenanthe javanica are eaten raw as ‘ulam’ and added to ‘laksa’ in northern Peninsular Malaysia. They are also steamed with rice, or chopped and boiled as greens. Oenanthe javanica possesses antihypertensive properties and contains high amounts of antioxidants such as ascorbic acid and carotenoids. Unlike other species that belong to the same genus, it does not contain the poison, oenanthotoxin.

Oenanthe javanica grows best in a cool, semi-shaded area with fertile soil that is kept moist at all times. New plants can be started easily via rooting stem-cuttings obtained from material bought from the market in some water. Rooted cuttings can then be transferred into a pot of soil.

A fast-growing plant, Oenanthe javanica can remove excess nutrients from water bodies and hence has the potential to be a phyto-remedial plant. It can be grown as a border plant around a natural pond or inside a water-tight container but don’t grow this plant in a koi pond as it is a very attractive food for these fishes!

What smells like banana but is not a banana?

If you are looking for a fragrant shrub that will produce a fragrance that will become a talking point, you may want to try to get your hands on Michelia figo, which is a relative of the white champaca (Michelia x alba). Commonly known as the the banana shrub, port wine magnolia or chenille copperleaf, Michelia figo originated from south-eastern China.

A member of the magnolia family, Magnoliaceae, it is widely cultivated mainly as ornamental shrub, which can attain a height of about 2 m. Some internet sources state that it can grow up to 4 m. As a plant, it exhibits a compact, profusely branched growth habit and several individuals can be grown closely together to form a hedge. Its branches seem to grow in a zigzag-like manner and densely covered with fine brown hairs. The leaves of this shrub are evergreen, lustrous and dark green in colour and like the rest of the plant, they also have brown hairs on the undersides. Even the flower buds feel furry!

Unfortunately, Michelia figo is not a prolific bloomer in Singapore. When it flowers, it produces magnolia-like flowers that measure about 5 cm in diameter. They first appear almost white in colour which gradually turn into a darker shade of yellow before fading away. The flowers of Michelia figo have a very interesting fragrance. To me, they seem to emit a pleasant odour reminiscent of bananas. Some may think the fragrance resemble more like ripening honeydew melons.

The fragrance of one flower needs to be appreciated at close proximity and to enjoy the fragrance of this shrub, one should grow several individuals so that the delightful perfume from a larger number of flowers can permeate the garden space. But be warned – it can become overwhelming to some people!

Not surprisingly, the flowers of this shrub are also used in hair lotions. The extraction of fresh flowers and distillation of the leaves yield two different fragrant essential oils which are used in high-quality perfumes. In China, scented ‘yulan’ tea is prepared with the flowers of the white champaca (Michelia x alba) and Michelia figo.

This plant can be grown in containers. It prefers to be grown in a sunny location although it is said to be able to grow in shade. In shadier locations, it is described to develop a more open growth habit but I think flowering will also be less frequent and profuse. Like most other shrubs, it should be planted in a well-draining location with fertile soil. Mulch the base of plants with compost to keep the roots cool and to supply organic matter which will help to retain moisture and release nutrients as it breaks down. It is seldom bothered by pests but may be bothered occasionally by scale insects and sooty mould.

The Beautiful Succulents Archway at GardenTech 2009

Visitors to GardenTech 2009 at HortPark would have noticed the impressive and beautiful archway adorned with various succulent species that greeted everyone as they entered the passageway that brought one to the stalls of the garden fair. This spectacle was the result of the hard work that was put in by my fellow colleagues from the Hort Standards and Hort Management teams.

The observant visitor would have noticed an unique way decorating this archway – on both sides, as well as, the top panel of the archway, there were boxes where pots of succulents were sloted into. The side panels mainly employed succulents that were relatively flat and short in stature whereas those on the overhang consisted of species with a trailing habit to give a curtain-like feel.

As one enters the passageway, he/she would have noticed that succulents were still the main group of plants used for decor. Trailing vines of Senecio macroglossus ‘Variegatus’ helped to soften the hard and cold look of steel bars and supports that make up the tentage.

Two other trailing succulents which included Burrito’s Tail Sedum (Sedum burrito) and String of Beads (Senecio rowleyanus) lined two sides of the passageway which conferred a ‘wall’ effect. Hanging pots of Petunia x hybrida, the only non-succulent plant, hung overhead the passageway punctuated the decor by adding splashes of pink.

Root Awakening (22 Aug 09)

The last instalment of the Root Awakening column for the month of Aug 09 was published today on Straits Times Life!

The first question asked how to bloom Vanda ‘Miss Joaqium’ which is Singapore’s national flower. It is important to note that this orchid is a full sun, epiphytic orchid that does better if exposed to direct sunshine in an unobstructed, outdoor location. Even when grown in an apartment setting with 6 hours of direct sunshine, plants do not seem to bloom generously even when they are well-fed. Plants benefit from being grown in a well-drained location with good burnt earth chunks. Mulch the roots of plants with a layer of well-rotted compost. To spur flowering, one can try feeding plants with a water-soluble fertilizer such as Gaviota 67. To ensure that your Vanda will bloom just in time for the (next) National Day, try pruning away new flowering stalks starting from end April until end May so that your plants can from end July to August.

The next question was about how to grow dianthus in Singapore. Dianthus plants require direct sunshine to grow well. Nurseries grow them in open benches that receive full sunshine for the entire day. Long and weak stems noticed in dianthus plants are a sign that they may be grown in an area that does not have sufficient light for healthy growth. Remember to space plants sufficiently so that they are able to receive ample sunshine. Dianthus plants need to be grown in an area that is very well-drained and decline easily if grown in waterlogged areas. Although dianthus is a perennial here in Singapore, old plants tend to lose their vigor. Try dividing your dianthus plants which have grown bigger as this method is a much quicker and easier way of rejuvenating and multiplying your plants.

The last question asked about the care of a very common houseplant, Dracaena marginata. Although Dracaena marginata is often sold as an indoor plant, it prefers to be grown in a bright location, such as the balcony or window where filtered sunshine (not direct, strong sunshine!) streams in for half a day. One should grow in a moisture-retentive and well-drained potting mix. Avoid overwatering the plant as that will cause root rot. Use your index finger to feel for moisture a few centimeters below the soil surface. If the soil feels moist, withhold watering until a day or two later. When you water again, irrigate the plant thoroughly. Plants benefit from a sprinkling of a few slow-release fertilizer pellets at the rate recommended by the manufacturer, as well as, being fed with a water soluble fertilizer with trace elements, such as Phostrogen. To reduce the likelihood of bacterial and fungal infections, grow Dracaena marginata in a location with good air circulation, use clean and sterilized cutting tools prune plants and grow plants in soil free from pathogens.

Special Floristic Showcase of Underground Edibles at GardenTech 2009

In this year’s GardenTech, I am fortunate to be able to invite Mr Anson Low who is the principal of the prestigious Nobleman School of Floral Design and Mr Linus Loh from Seeds by K & L to come to HortPark to put up a special floristic showcase that is quite unlike those we usually see.

When it comes to flower arrangements, most people would think it just involves putting various colourful flowers together. For a little variation, a variety of fruits can be added to get a fruit and flower basket. Not many of us would think of using edible underground plant parts, like tubers, rhizomes, bulbs, taproots and corms in flower arrangements.

The team lead by Anson and Linus did just that. In conjunction with the geophytic plants showcase at the Lifestyle Corner at HortPark, the duo and friends used various commonly encountered food geophytic plant parts for their floristic arrangements.

On Sunday (16 Aug 09), visitors to HortPark were treated to a demonstration by Anson himself where he showed everyone how easily one can put a flower arrangement together. Many participants of the session were surprised by the creativity of Anson. He then helped to conduct a guided tour where he shared with his audience the concept he has behind each arrangement that was displayed in the showflat.

Visitors to HortPark during GardenTech 2009 would be able to see how carrots can be strung up to make a vase which one can stick orchids into it.

Rhizomes of the cooking ginger and turmeric are usually stored away from sight at home. Anson and Linus gave us a fine example of how we can make a pleasing arrangement for the dinner table by using these rhizomes. They laid a bed of cooking gingers at the base and then randhomly stuck turmeric rhizomes onto the former using toothpicks. To add colour to this arrangement, single blooms of a yellow Cymbidium orchid were used and were fed via a test tube of water. 

Bulbs such as those of the onion, garlic and edible lily can also be used to complement flower arrangements. Onions and garlic, which are both tunicated bulbs, were laid as a carpet at the base of two flower arrangements. On the same note, my team exercised a little bit of our creativity by making a circle using dried edible lily bulb scales and fresh bulbs around one of the flower arrangements done by Anson and Linus.

Corms like cocoyams, stem tubers such as potatoes and root tubers of the sweet potato can also be used to complement our usual floristic creations as shown in the picture above. It is important to choose intact and undamaged geophytic plant parts for such work so that they look good and not emit a foul smell over time.

Root Awakening (15 Aug 09)

The third instalment of the Root Awakening column for the month of August 2009 was published last Saturday on Straits Times Life! As usual, answers to three gardening questions were provided.

The first question dealt with cone-like creatures that were found in the soil of a potted plant. I reckoned it could be snails and one can put in some snail and slug baits on the soil surface that will help to eradicate these garden molluscs. One has to be careful to not allow one’s pets and young children to have access to the pellets after they have been applied to our garden plants.

The second question was sent in by a reader who described the presence of brown circles that appeared on his/her plant. Without a picture, I could only guess that they could be brown scale insects and these can be easily eradicated using white summer oil, white oil or neem oil which work by suffocating these pests. One has to remember to repeat the application at periodic intervals so as to ensure that the progeny are also eliminated as well. Apply these oil-based products only on a cool day and after a plant has been thoroughly watered.

The last question was about distorted leaves that were seen in a perilla plant. It is hard to tell what exactly went wrong but from my experience with it, the perilla plant is not exactly plant to grow here. It seems to do better in cooler climates. The poor flavour described by the reader could hence then be due to climate differences. Most aromatic plants need to be grown under direct sunshine to obtain compact growth and maximum aromatic oil production and extremes in temperature can affect it.

Distortion of leaves seen in the plant is not likely to be caused by the heat encountered in Singapore. It could be brought about by tiny pests such as spider mites and thrips which feed on the young leaves. Once symptoms have manifested, no amount of pesticide will help. One should trim away affected parts and then spray the plant to reduce the likelihood of attack. For edible plants, I would recommend white summer oil for spider mites but for thrips, only Confidor is effective. For the latter, being a systemic pesticide which will be absorbed into the plant, one has to observe the witholding period. This time period has to elapse before one can pick the leaves for safe consumption.

Busy with Talks & Workshops this GardenTech 2009!

GardenTech 2009 is one event that was different for me. I first participated in this event back in 2007 as a member of a representative of a local gardening interest group, Green Culture Singapore. This year, I put on the uniform of HortPark – the Gardening Hub in the capacity of a staff member of the National Parks Board (NParks). Roles have changed but the vision in me did not. I am still very much interested to spread the gardening interest to all Singaporeans.

Shortly after making my way back to HortPark from the TV appearance on Channel 5 on 14 Aug 09 (Friday), I delivered my first gardening talk entitled “Success with High Rise Gardening” for GardenTech 2009. The talk was held at the Lab in HortPark’s Hands-on-House. The venue was filled to its brim and many participants had to stand through the session. I am astonished with the turnout as I never expect such a crowd on a weekday Friday. 

Right after the gardening talk, I went on to conduct the terrarium workshop in the Lab where members of public register themselves earlier so as to be able to make their own bottle gardens. The turnout of this workshop also reached full capacity! A large majority of the participants were new faces whom I have never met in any of my previous gardening talks.

On top of the terrarium workshop and gardening talk, my Hort Outreach team members also conducted guided tours to show visitors around the Lifestyle Corner at the Hort Center. This month’s theme is edible geophytic plants and one will be able to learn more about taproots, bulbs, corms, stem and root tubers and rhizomes that are used in food and medicine. We also invited two floral designers to put up a special showcase just for GardenTech 2009 that uses these geophytic vegetables in their floral arrangements.

On Sunday (16 Aug 09) afternoon, I conducted my second gardening talk entitled “Learn How to Grow Your Culinary Herbs” which was held at the Fruit Room located at the basement of the Hort Center. Unlike the first gardening talk, the turnout of this talk was even more overwhelming. For the first time, Fruit Room was overflowing with people and my colleagues told me that it was impossible to get in from outside and also impossible to get out once someone is inside the room! Perhaps it was a Sunday which explained why there was such a good turnout.

To date, that was my first talk on how to grow culinary herbs where I shared my experience on how to grow a range of Mediterranean herbs. Many Singaporeans thought it would be impossible to grow these herbs. My experience that was gained through much trial and error and exchange of experience with likeminded friends had proved that otherwise. With the right soil mix and growing conditions, these foreign aromatic plants can actually be grown here.

In conclusion, I hope my gardening talks had been informative and tips shared been useful to all participants who braved the heat and journey to arrive at HortPark to listen to me. My most sincere thanks go out to you. I also hope that your visit to GardenTech 2009 had been enjoyable and fruitful too.

Media Appearances for GardenTech 2009

I am honoured to be able to represent the National Parks Board (NParks) to help publicise GardenTech 2009. Altogether, I was involved in three different programmes and marked my first appearance on Singapore’s national television!

On 12 Aug 09 (Tues), my colleague, Ms Yvonne Cheng and I appeared on Good Morning Singapore (早安您好) that was shown on Channel 8. Because it was a Mandarin channel, we had to use our Mother Tongue to converse. It had been eons since I last spoke in Mandarin! As you can easily guess, I was scared stiff and my parents who were watching the show told me that although I was able to hide my anxiety well, my lips gave me away as they could see them trembling on my face! I could almost hear me stammer! In the show, I brought along a couple of popular or interesting plants that Singaporeans can grow in their homes which include the tropical pitcher plant (Nepenthes species), airplant (Tillandsia species), sweetheart hoya (Hoya kerrii) and mint (Mentha cultivar).

Later that same morning, my colleague, Mr Gary Chua and I proceeded to the studio of 938 Live for a live radio show. I have been on air on 938 Live before and being able to do this radio show in English rendered the one-hour long radio show a lot more bearable. In it, we both helped to spread the word about GardenTech 2009 and shared gardening tips and interesting facts about the newly opened Butterfly Garden at HortPark.

Two days later on 14 Aug 09 (which is the first day of GardenTech 2009), Yvonne and I appeared on Channel 5′s Prime Time Morning. The hosts that day were Timothy Go and Cheryl Fox. The air time given to us was short and we had to share whatever we can as quickly as possible. Yvonne shared with viewers of the English channel the insect-repelling apparel and, the environmentally-friend and biodegradable planter bag which were available for sale during the event whereas I was there to comment Timothy’s terrarium creation. Thankfully, the language for the show was English which was something that I was more comfortable with and hence the process was a lot more natural and more smooth going compared to what was encountered on Tuesday’s Good Morning Singapore (早安您好) on Channel 8!

GardenTech 2009 Stage Decor

Besides being involved in putting up the Hort Gallery at the Hort Excellence booth, I was also involved in decorating the stage for the GardenTech 2009 Networking Night as well as Opening Ceremony. Both are rather high profile events that will be witnessed by numerous industry partners, internal staff as well as VIPs. This task was my first and is a daunting one as it must be one that will impress. Thankfully with the guidance given by my superior, my team at Hort Outreach managed to get the job done on time.

 

My team reasoned that we want to put something that is natural-looking, simple and elegant and yet different from all previous stage decorations. With some brainstorming and trail and error, together, we decided to select only five species of plants to dress up the stage. The colour scheme for the event was black.

The Networking Night function as its name suggests, will take place in the evening where the surroundings will be dark. Instead of choosing plants with colourful flowers that may be hard see, we chose two aroid species with dark foliage that is uniquely shaped, such as Anthurium ‘Arrow’ and Anthurium ‘Renaissance’ so as to confer a mysterious feel to the decor at night and yet also look good in the day.

To punctuate the decor, we selected another aroid, that is a cultivar of Spathiphyllum wallisii which will have strikingly white sail-like inflorescences that will appear to float in the air as they contrast against the rather dark background at night. Branches painted silver which are adorned with silver coloured Spanish moss (Tillandsia usneoides) are put up upright at random intervals. Instead of employing the usual wooden lawn edging, the base of the decor was completed using natural tree branches with club moss (Selaginella species) popping out randomly to simulate the look of the tropical rainforest floor.

The spiral staircase located near the stage at the Hort Gallery was also dressed up with a similar design so as to have a sense of continuity and uniformity. Anthurium ‘Renaissance’ took centerstage while several Anthurium ‘Arrow’ were used to form a ring around it. Variegated club moss with a trailing habit were allowed to spill over the edge of the pedestal-like structure. The red and striking pinecone-like inflorescence of the Indonesian Wax Ginger (Tapeinochilus ananassae) were included to add colour to the arrangement and to give the sense of energy.

Here, we wanted to have an arrangement that can be likened to a pot that overflows with wealth and energy. We hope that GardenTech 2009 would be an event that all participating vendors find fruitful for their businesses and plant enthusiasts be inspired once more to pursue their gardening hobby.

Hort Gallery @ GardenTech 2009

 GardenTech 2009, a garden fair which takes place every other year in HortPark, will commence on 14 Aug 2009 and that means we are just only four days away! The tentages were erected not too long ago and the setting up of my division’s booth now begin. The Hort Excellence booth team consisting of Pearl Ho, Keneric Ng and myself brainstormed earlier to come up with a design that will be put up in the 3 m x 2m space that was allocated to us.

The division which I worked in the National Parks Board (NParks) is known as the Hort Excellence division and we will be presenting to visitors of GardenTech 2009 the ‘Hort Gallery’. The Hort Gallery aims to showcase new plant introductions to the realm of landscape and horticulture in Singapore. The visitor will expect to see some new species and cultivars of plants not commonly or never seen locally. The poster found in the show catalogue was designed by a fellow colleague, Joyce Foo.

The display showcases some plants taken from our own plant collection that were obtained via various overseas plant-sourcing trips.  We were also fortunate to be able to put forth a more varied and interesting range of plants via the help conferred to us by various friends in the gardening fraternity.  

They include Mr Tan Jiew Hoe, Mr Linus Loh and Mr Tan Eng Ong who lent us a range of ornamental plants which range from aroids, ornamental bananas to flowering gesneriads. Two partners from the landscape industry, namely, HortMart by Far East Flora sponsored us a pair of 1 m tall olive trees and Terrascapes lent us a terrarium of sundews.

Besides plants, visitors to the Hort Excellence booth will be treated to a demonstration of using coconut leaf weaving conducted by one of our veteran staff members, Mr Rahim. He will show visitors how to turn the strips of coconut leaves into birds and crabs. One can also learn the art of making ‘ketupats’ which is a way of wrapping rice dumplings that is unique to the Malays.