Monthly Archives: October 2008

Heliconias blooming for the FIRST time at Serangoon North!

It is almost a year since I last planted heliconias and other members of the Zingiberales order along the peripheral of my community garden at Serangoon North. It was an attempt to create a green but colourful wall of plants to shield one’s view of the vegetable garden located inside, which can be visually unappealling at certain times of the year. During the rainy season, the planting beds can be bare as there is a difficulty in raising seedlings as they do get battered by the heavy downpours and attacked by snails and slugs.

 

My very lush clump of Heliconia ‘Temptress’.

Due to the slight incline of the terrian around the community garden, it does get quite wet during the rainy season. I was careful to choose the type of plants to be planted there. Friends have warned me to avoid the growing of some woody plants such as trees and shrubs as these prefer well-drained areas but so far, they are still fine. These taller plants have been planted to provide a background and confer shade and wind protection for the heliconias and its cousins.

The first inflorescence produced by Heliconia ‘Temptress’.

Heliconias and other members of the Zingiberales order were chosen because they love constantly moist soil and I have found out, they are able to tolerate short periods of waterlogging that the land around my community garden experiences. In general, I find that they require relatively low maintenance which involved mostly the trimming away of dead pseudostems or spent inflorescences. They do not the extensive pruning that is needed by woody shrubs to keep them in shape. Once they are established, they also do tolerate drought quite well.

My very large clump of Heliconia bihai ‘Nappi’.

That is the rough background as to why heliconias and its relatives are planted around my community garden. One year has passed and for those who have seen those plants, they would have noticed that the heliconias have grown quite tall and spreading rather widely and together, they give the environment a very lush look. For a long time, the plants have been putting forth leaves and no blooms.

One of the at least other four inflorescences produced by ‘Nappi’.

During my recent visit to my community garden, I did my routine rounds of ‘inspecting the contingents’ as I walked down and inspected the heliconias that have been planted in a row. I was delighted to see the first inflorescence that was produced by my Heliconia ‘Temptress’ (Heliconia chartacea x platystachys). This hybrid heliconia is a beautiful one that is well known for its reddish orange pendant inflorescences. It is like the red version of its pink counterpart, Heliconia chartacea ‘Sexy Pink’. Note that ‘Sexy Pink’ is not a hybrid like ‘Temptress’. I have a ’Sexy Pink’ that has yet to flower… 

The next heliconia that gave me a more unexpected surprise was Heliconia bihai ‘Nappi’. For a long time, the clump just grew bigger and I was puzzled why my plant just simply refuse to flower. I have seen comparatively smaller clumps grown elsewhere blooming their heads off. My clump finally decided to flower only now and the first appearance of its bright yellow bracts that contrast starkly against its green foliage which caught my attention when I walked past the clump recently. Unlike ’Temptress’, ‘Nappi’ was more productive as it produced more than one inflorescence upon closer inspection – I counted and found out there are at least four inflorescences that are emerging.

These are the two of the handful of heliconias I have in my community garden. I am delighted to know they are flowering for the first time despite the fact that they are now rather ‘common’ heliconias which can be found on sale in our local nurseries. Although they may be ‘common’ now, what matter to me is that these heliconias are easily to tend to and from time to time, put on a spectacular floral show to wow my residents and colour up the monotonous green environment around them.

How on earth did the Amorphophallus move itself there???

I have recently replanted the front part of my community garden at Serangoon North which visitors will see when they first step into the garden. With the help from my fellow community gardeners, Mr and Mrs Seng, we have planted two young Dillenia philippinensis, some butterfly gingers (Hedychium coronarium) and Costus productus in two quadrant-shaped planting beds that are located at opposite corners of the garden.

Recently, during one of my routine visits to the community garden, I was surprised to see two elephant’s foot yam plants (Amorphophallus paeoniifolius) growing in one of the planting beds. I don’t remember planting them there at all! A check with Lily, my friend from the Green Culture Singapore discussion forum who is knowledgeable about aroids, revealed that these two individuals could have grown from small fragments of a tuber that came together with some soil that was transferred there.

That reasoning made some sense to me because some time back, I got a large elephant’s foot yam plant that was grown from a tuber bought from Tekka Market. The plant died on me because its tuber rotted during the wet season. The soil which it grew in was rather clayey and poorly drained. I thought the tuber had totally rotted and emptied the pot of soil in the planting bed. The surviving remnants of the tuber could have been brought over to the current location where the two new plants have now emerged.

Now, I wonder whether I should attempt to dig the two plants out from the planting bed and transplant them into pots or grown somewhere else in the garden. They do look really odd if I were to leave them there to continue growing as they are not part of the planting scheme. At the mean time, the larger individual looks quite happy where it is growing.

It may be an interesting planting combination when the elephant’s foot yam is paired up with the butterfly ginger plants that are growing around it. It is a combination of two opposites – the butterfly gingers are known to have delightfully fragrant flowers whereas the elephant’s foot yam are famed for its foul-smelling flowers that remind one of rotting meat! This time round, I think I should keep my itchy hands off and kill my need for perfection from digging these plants out. 

I have posted some time back a post on this blog some pictures of a flowering elephant’s foot yam plant that was showcased in the Singapore Botanic Gardens. It can be viewed by clicking on this link.

Root Awakening (25 October 2008)

This second and last instalment of the Root Awakening gardeing Q&A column for the month of October was published yesterday on Straits Times Life! section. Three questions from readers were answered today. The first two pertained to edible plants, namely, cucumber and pandan. The third question was on ficus which is a very common houseplant.

Talk on Sprout Growing at Bedok Public Library

My talk entitled “From Garden to Kitchen – Sprout Growing” that was delivered this afternoon at the Bedok Public Library was quite well-received, despite the fact that it was not publicised on Straits Times Life! section. The room was roughly 80% filled when I started the talk at 3.30 pm and I am grateful and glad to see many familiar faces amongst the audience. Many of them are my friends from the Green Culture Singapore discussion forum and those who have been following our library gardening talk series.

The content and delivery of the talk was crafted and done in a simple and straight-forward way. I shared that sprouts can be easy to grow edible plants for the busy highrise apartment dweller provided the right method is used. Sprouts do not need a lot of space or direct sunshine that many other edible plants require to grow. In general, two weeks is the maximum amount of time one has to wait to harvest the sprouts when they are grown from seeds.

I also shared with my audience that seeds bought from organic sources or edible dry foodstuff section of the supermarket are the ones that should be used for sprouting. Growing them in a shallow tray of ‘soilless’ mix (such as the common commercially available sand plus cocopeat mixture) is perhaps the most convenient way for busy urbanites. The method of growing sprouting in totally soilless environment in jars and colanders is too time-consuming and if insufficient washings are done, the sprouts can ferment and spoil quickly.

After sharing the basic growing tips on growing sprouts, I also shared with my audience a very simple way of preparing them. With the help from Teresa (sasa) from the Green Culture Singapore discussion forum the night before, we came up with a very simple receipe on how to make an alfalfa sandwich for those who are interested to try. Many other mild-tasting sprouts such as those of the sunflower can be used as well.

In my talk, the alfalfa sandwich receipe was presented in a step-by-step manner via the use of a series of photographs flashed on the Powerpoint slide show. I did want to do a ‘live’ demonstration but I refrained from doing so because I feared that I might mess up the function room in the library. Last but not least, I have to admit that I am not a chef to start with and I am very interested to learn more from my audience or anyone any delicious receipes that can be used to prepare home-grown sprouts, as well as, better ways of presenting our food!

My heartfelt thanks go to Shirley Ling who has helped me to take photographs of the talk that are posted on this blog.

Cheow Kheng’s Bamboo Costus in Flower

There was a post written on the bamboo costus (Costus stenophyllus) that has been published on this blog before (read it via clicking on this link). To date, it is one of my favourites among the species in the genus Costus because of its beautiful stems, as well as, narrow bamboo-like leaves which is quite unique in the genus.

I was at Cheow Kheng’s high-rise tropical garden again and was astonished to see his bamboo costus in flower! His plant was originally given to him by Dr Easaw Thomas and had been grown inside a long plastic planter box. I rarely see this spiral ginger flower when it is grown in containers. The red, spear-like inflorescence was produced basally and the stalk of the inflorescence curved like a snake as it maneuvered its way among the labyrinth of pseudostems as it emerged from the soil surface.

Cheow Kheng’s plant is obviously very well-fed as it featured robust stems that are thicker than a normal pencil and very lush foliage. The height of the plant is about 1.5 m tall and the plant has advanced so much that it is getting pot-bound soon.

As I understand, Cheow Kheng grows his plant in a very fertile potting media which largely consisted of mature compost which serves as a reservoir of nutrients that are slowly released to the roots of plants. It is a media that many tropical plants like gingers love to grow in as long as it is well-drained. It is also quite moisture-retentive and rarely dries out if one remembers to water the pot regularly. Gingers do not like to dry out at the roots.

Last but not least, natural sunlight is plentiful and good air circulation is also present in the growing area because the plant, along with Cheow Kheng’s famed chiku tree, are all located in an open patio, which I longed to have.

HortPark’s Mistletoe

Many thanks to NParks, I am given yet another interesting piece of information about a plant growing in HortPark to share with anyone who comes across my garden blog. This time, it is about a mistletoe plant that was flowering in HortPark’s Irrigation Pond.

Mistletoes are plants that are not welcomed in most people’s gardens. They are hemi-parasitic plants which grow on the branches of woody plants such as a tree or shrub. Hemi-parasitic plants are those that contain chlorophyll, capable of making their own food and do not totally rely on the host plant for food. 

A mistletoe plant attaches itself into a plant via a structure known as a haustorium and from there, it leeches nutrients from its host to supplement what is produced from its own photosynthetic process. The vigour of plants that have mistletoes growing on them may be reduced and they can be killed if there is a heavy infestation. 

The mistletoe plant that was in flower in HortPark was identified to be Dendrophthoe pentandra and is a member of Loranthaceae family. The plant that caught the attention from the staff at HortPark was a big, low-hanging clump that was attached to a Terminalia catappa (Ketapang). This particular clump was specifically instructed to be left undisturbed on the branch for study and observation. Most people would have removed mistletoes upon seeing them at first sight.

Although mistletoes are pests, they have an important role to play in the garden. Dendrophthoe pentandra is known to be a butterfly host plant to the Painted Jezebel (Delias hyparete metarete), which is a beautiful butterfly with bright yellow and orange colours on its wings. The larvae of this butterfly feed on the leaves of this mistletoe and a plant can become totally defoliated if there is a large number of caterpillars. A whole clump of mistletoe can be killed this way and perhaps this is how the population of mistletoes is controlled in Nature. More information about the Painted Jezebel’s life cycle can be viewed via this link.

Shamrock’s Visit to my Community Garden

One of the long time members of the Green Culture Singapore (GCS) discussion forum, shamrock, from Malaysia was in town last Sunday (12 Oct 08).  She had been a member since the forum started four years ago. Shamrock lived in Singapore before and is definitely no stranger to the lanscape here.

Unfortunately, I was unable to meet her this visit as I had commitments to work at the lab but I was happy to hear that she was accompanied by a number of likeminded members who are into the growing of edible plants from the GCS discussion forum.

Shamrock and friends at the edible plants section of my community garden at Serangoon North.

Shamrock is well known for her beautiful flower garden at home in Malaysia and her interest on the growing of the mulberry (Morus sp.) and peppercorn tree (Schinus sp.) has rubbed off on quite a number of members in the forum in Singapore. Members not only exchanged growing tips but also cuttings and seeds with her and one another.  

During her short visit over the weekend, shamrock visited various garden centres and the gardens of various members who grew edibles such as herbs and vegetables. On Monday, she dropped by my community garden at Serangoon North. Although I was not physically here to bring her on a personal tour, I am glad that my friends from the discussion forum who visited my garden before did so on my behalf.
 
Shamrock said she was very impressed with the concept of the community garden and wished that they were introduced when she had lived here. “I would have loved to potter around in one with likeminded people”, she said. “I was just drawn to the edible section of the garden. The crops grown there are amazing.”
 
Many thanks to Herb Lover, skyfiery, sasa, maggie, bmb albert and Karen79 for the help  and the excellent pictures!

Our ‘National Shrub’ – Syzygium campanulatum in Flower

Nowadays, Syzygium campanulatum is so pervasive in Singapore’s landscape that it can be labelled as the ‘National shrub’ of Singapore. This plant is most frequently seen being grown as a hedge and there are occasions where I have seen plants that have been sculptured into nice topiaries. When left alone, Syzygium campanulatum can actually grow into a tree. 

A first reason why S. campanulatum is a popular candidate for hedges and topiary is probably due to its adaptability towards hard pruning. The next reason would be that after each round of hair-cut, the response put forth by the plant is the production of visually appealling, brightly coloured young leaves.

The red-leaved form of S. campanulatum is on the left while the orange-leaved form is on the right.

This makes S. campanulatum a prettier alternative candidate for landscaping than the all green Baphia nitida that used to be the popular hedging plant in Singapore. In the past, B. nitida was most often seen to being used as a hedging plant to disguise the neighbourhood bin center (a centralised rubbish disposal site). Besides the lack of interesting foliage colours, another reason why people avoided using B. nitida now is probably due to this unglamorous use that conferred the plant a bad reputation as a ‘rubbish bin plant’.

The red-leaved form of S. campanulatum grown as a hedge in HortPark.

The most common form of S. campanulatum we see in Singapore is the one that produces orange young leaves. Recently, a new cultivar that produces intensely red leaves has made its debut in the local landscaping scene. All this mention about the colourful leaves of this shrub would seem to make S. campanulatum more like a foliage plant, but do people know that S. campanulatum does actually flower?

A single red-leaved form of S. campanulatum grown as a tree in HortPark.

Recently, the rather erratic local weather conditions seemed to have induced many plants to flower. The red-leaved form of S. campanulatum in HortPark was reported to be one of them. The flowers of S. campanulatum are borne in a cluster. Each flower appears like a powderpuff due to the numerous stamens, a characteristic found in the members of the Myrtle, Myrtaceae family of plants. The usual orange-leaved form of S. campanulatum are creamy-white while those of the red-leaved form are maroon in colour! 

A closer look at the crimson powderpuff flowers of the red-leaved S. campanulatum. 

As mentioned by the staff at HortPark, besides the uncontrollable weather stimulus, another important factor that decides whether S. campanulatum will flower or not is how extensively one prunes his plants. This factor, unlike the weather, is controllable and unnecessary pruning is not recommended if one wants to see his S. campanulatum in flower in the ‘season’ that is suitable for flowering. We often do not see S. campanulatum that are used as hedges and topiaries in flower because the plant is frequently pruned to shape. 

 A red-leaved S. campanulatum blooming profusely at HortPark. 

The next time round when one visits HortPark, do drop by display plots no. 22 & 23 and the Fantasy Garden to take a look and appreciate the attractive foliage of the red-leaved S. campanulatum. If one is lucky to visit during the plant’s blooming season, the shrubs there may be flaunting their flowers.

Many thanks to NParks, particularly HortPark, for sharing this piece of information about the blooming of  S. campanulatum in HortPark as well as granting me the permission to reproduce the text and pictures in this blog post.

The Spiny Bittergourd (Momordica cochinchinensis)

The spiny bittergourd an exotic fruit in Singapore and I have not seen it on sale locally. Botanically known as Momordica cochinchinensis, the spiny bittergourd is a relative of the common bittergourd (Momordica charantia) but its fruits are totally unlike the latter in terms of appearance and use. The spiny bittergourd is oval in shape and has short spines all over the rind of the fruit. The fruit is usually used only when it is ripe and that is when its rind turns into a bright orange colour.

A ripening spiny bittergourd showing a hint of orange.

The size of the fruit of the spiny bittergourd seems to vary depending on the cultivar. The variety I grew (shown in the picture above) some time back from seeds obtained from the World Vegetable Center produced fruits that were about 10 cm in length. On the other hand, the fruit brought back from Vietnam by one of my Green Culture Singapore discussion forum member, Karen, was much, much larger. The length of the fruit probably measured about 35 cm as shown below (picture courtesy of Karen)!

A mature spiny bittergourd (a bamboo skewer is put alongside for scale).

This fruit seems to be only popular in Vietnam where the red aril surrounding the seeds obtained from mature fruits are used to prepare a glutinous rice dish called xôi gấc that is served during the New Year and special occasions such as weddings. Outside Vietnam, the fruit is best known for its abudance of antioxidants where it is sold as a dietary supplement in the form of a drink. The spiny bittergourd is also an excellent source of carotenoids such beta-carotene which is a precursor of vitamin A. Read an interesting and informative article that I have found on the Internet that was published on the Vietnam Journal which described the use of the spiny bittergourd as a food source to alleviate vitamin A deficiency in Vietnam -http://www.vietnamjournal.org/article.php?sid=5

A mature spiny bittergourd cut open to reveal the red aril-covered seeds.

The seeds from the spiny bittergourd are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and referred to as “Semen Momordicae”. The Chinese name of these seeds is called “Mu Bie Zi” (木鳖子) which directly translates into “Wooden tortise seeds”. This strange Chinese name is not surprising once we see how the large seeds (about 4 cm in diameter) look like as they do resemble the shells of tortises.

Large, brown seeds of the spiny bittergourd after the aril them are removed.

The seeds from the spiny bittergourd are used in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) and referred to as “Semen Momordicae”. The Chinese name of these seeds is called “Mu Bie Zi” (木鳖子) which directly translates into “Wooden tortise seeds”. This strange Chinese name is not surprising once we see how the large seeds (about 4 cm in diameter) look like as they do resemble the shells of tortises.

In TCM, the hard outer seed coat is first removed to obtain the kernel which is broken into pieces and then stir-fried. After all traces of oil are removed, the fragments are ground into a powder and stored in a cool, dry place. The powder is indicated to “promote the subsidence of nodulation and swelling, combat poisons and cure sores” and is orally consumed for the treatment of sores and inflammatory swellings, mastitis, scrofula, haemorrhoids, anal fistula, chronic eczema, neurodermatitis and scalds” (Pharmacopoeia of the People’s Republic of China Vol 1, English Edition, 1997). 

A female flower bud (note the ovary behind the petals) that had just emerged from its bag-like bract.

The spiny bittergourd plant is a perennial vine but unlike the common bittergourd, this plant is dioecious which means that male and female flowers are borne on separate plants. Hence, in order to have fruits, one has to grow several vines nearby to ensure successful pollination. The common bittergourd produces flowers of both sexes on a single plant and one can get to harvest fruits by just growing one vine.

Male flower of the spiny bittergourd.

The flowers of the spiny bittergourd vine are produced in an interesting way. During development, they are all encapsulated inside a green bag-like bract which eventually splits open in half to reveal the flower bud. Flowers produced by the plant are five-petalled and are yellow in colour with a black eye in the middle. I noticed these flowers are frequently visited by bees which are attracted by the yellow colour of the flowers.

Female flower of the spiny bittergourd.

Similar to observation observed in Vietnam, the plants I grew in my community garden started to flower around March to April until about August to September. The male flowers are smaller in size compared with the female flowers and the latter can be distinguished from the former like other curcubit flowers via the presence of a baby fruit (ovary) located behind the petals.

A young spiny bittergourd fruit. Note the numerous tubercles on the surface of the fruit. These will turn into rather stiff, hard spines when the fruit matures.

Even with the bees around, my plants required some help from me to bear fruits. I hand-pollinated them to ensure the pollen from the male flowers are transferred to the female flowers. If pollination is successful, the fruit will start to swell up after the petals of the female flowers fade away. Fruit development occurs over a very long time and the entire duration can take up to 4 to 6 months!

The swollen base of the spiny bittergourd vine. 

The spiny bittergourd plant has attractive deep green, shiny, lobed leaves and there is two grandular structures occurring at the zone where the petiole joins each leaf blade. It is a robust vigorous vine that can eventually grow to give a lush and dense canopy. With time, the stem near the soil level swells up to form a tuber.

Root Awakening (12 Oct 08)

The first instalment of the Root Awakening column for the month of October 2008 was published yesterday on page E22 in the Strait Times Life! section. 

Suggestions to help solve the gardening problems described in four questions from the readers of Strait Times Life! were given.